Contents:
New HCA Study
An American Epidemic
Super-Enhanced/Patent-Pending
"Clinical Strength" Solution
Unexpected Results
New Dosage
Look for the Logo on the Label
References
You’re probably familiar with CitriMax®, the No. 1 selling (–)hydroxycitric acid (HCA) diet ingredient in the world. In one of the most comprehensive HCA studies1,2 ever conducted, researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center (Washington, DC) and Andhra University (Visakhapatnam, India) have discovered some surprising benefits of our new, more powerful form of CitriMax®, known as Super CitriMax®—benefits that can make this ingredient even more attractive to people trying to lose or maintain weight.
Not only does Super CitriMax® curb appetite, burn fat and result in significant
weight loss without side effects, it also promotes healthy blood lipid
levels and reduces Body Mass Index, an indicator of healthy body weight.
But the most exciting news of all is that Super CitriMax® has been
shown to increase levels of serum serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep and appetite control, which may help address many of the emotional issues overweight people face, including binge-eating and depression.*
An American Epidemic
Recently, the U.S. Surgeon General announced that excess body weight has replaced smoking as the leading health risk to Americans. How do we fight it? There are no magic bullets, but the CitriMax® family of ingredients can play an important role in the battle against the bulge. Derived from the South Asian fruit
Garcinia cambogia, the CitriMax® family contains standardized levels of HCA. This all-natural, organic acid has been shown to reduce appetite and inhibit fat synthesis without affecting the central nervous system. Thus, CitriMax® does not cause side effects such as insomnia, increased blood pressure or rapid heart rate the way diet stimulants do.
Super-Enhanced/Patent-Pending
Super CitriMax® consists of a unique, patent-pending
form of HCA bound to the minerals calcium and
potassium. As a result, it is virtually 100% soluble and more bioavailable3 than
regular calcium-based HCA ingredients. Super CitriMax® also contains 20%
more HCA than ordinary HCA products. (Regular CitriMax® is 70% soluble and
contains 50% HCA, while the solubility and potency of other HCA products
on the market are typically quite lower.)
"Clinical Strength" Solution
Researchers now know that HCA product potency, bioavailability
and dosage are essential requirements for optimal and consistent results. In the recent Super CitriMax® clinical study, it was discovered that optimal doses (2,700-2,800 mg HCA/day) of Super CitriMax® results not only in significant weight loss, but:
- lowers triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol (cardiovascular risk factors)*
- increases beneficial HDL cholesterol*
- reduces Body Mass Index (an indicator of healthy body weight)*
Unexpected Results
The most fascinating findings of the Super CitriMax® clinical study, however, are how Super CitriMax® works in the body. The researchers found that people
taking optimal doses of Super CitriMax® increased
serum serotonin levels, a mechanism of appetite
control and eating behavior, and
increased excretion of fat metabolites (a measurement
of "fat burning").*
New Dosage
For optimal results, researchers recommend 1,500
milligrams of Super CitriMax® providing 900 milligrams
of HCA be taken 30-60 minutes before meals, three
times per day (4,500 mgs Super CitriMax® providing
2,700 mgs HCA total). This dosage level is significantly
higher than that recommended in most dietary
supplements containing HCA, but is consistent with
successful animal trials,4-7 as well as the Super CitriMax® clinical study results.
Look for the Logo on the Label
Super CitriMax® is a nutritional ingredient available in a variety of quality weight loss products. Consumers can identify products
that contain optimal doses of Super CitriMax® by looking for the "Super
CitriMax® Clinical Strength" logo on the label.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to cure, mitigate, treat or prevent any disease.
References
- Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Rao CVS,
Satyanarayana S and Dey DK, Efficacy of a Novel, Natural Extract of
(–)Hydroxycitric Acid(HCA-SX) and a Combination of HCA-SX, Niacin-Bound
Chromium and Gymnema sylvestre Extract in Weight Management in Human Volunteers: A Pilot Study, Nutrition Research, 24:45-58, 2004.
- Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Rao CVS, Dey DK and Satyanarayana
S, Effects of a Natural Extract of
(–)Hydroxycitric Acid(HCA-SX) and a Combination of HCA-SX plus Niacin-Bound
Chromium and Gymnema sylvestre Extract on Weight Loss, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 6:171-180, 2004.
- Loe YC, Bergeron N, Rodriguez N, Schwarz J-M, Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry Method to Quantify Blood Hydroxycitrate Concentration, Analytical Biochemisty, 292:148-154, 2001.
- Sullivan AC, Triscari J, Hamilton JG, Miller ON,
Wheatley VR, Effect of (–)Hydroxycitrate
Upon the Accumulation of Lipid in the Rat. 1. Lipogenesis, Lipids, 9:121-128, 1974.
- Sullivan AC, Triscari J, Hamilton JG, Miller ON,
Effect of (–)Hydroxycitrate Upon the
Accumulation of Lipid in the Rat. II. Appetite, Lipids, 9:129-134, 1974.
- Ohia SE, Awe SO, LeDay AM, Opere CA, Bagchi D, Effect of Hydroxycitric Acid on Serotonin
Release from Isolated Rat Brain Cortex, Research Communications in Molecular
Pathology and Pharmacology, 109:210-216, 2001.
- Ohia SE, Opere CA, LeDay AM, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Stohs SJ, Safety and Mechanism of Appetite Suppression by a Novel Hydroxycitric Acid Extract (HCA-SX), Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 238:89-103, 2002.
- McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL, Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition and Human
Performance, 4th Edition, pp. 541-542, 1996, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.
- Blundell JE, Serotonin and the Biology of Feeding, American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, 55:155S-159S, 1992.
- Leibowitz SF, Alexander JT, Hypothalamic Serotonin in Control of Eating Behavior, Meal
Size, and Body Weight, Biological Psychiatry, 44:851-864, 1998.
- Kazakoff K, Cardesa T, Liu J, Adrian TE, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Birt DF, Pour PM, Effects of
Voluntary Physical Exercise on High-Fat Diet-Promoted Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the
Hamster Model, Nutrition and Cancer, 26:265-279, 1996.
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The Super CitriMax Study Protocol
The
randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled human clinical trial was
conducted using Super CitriMax®, a standardized calcium/potassium
(–) hydroxycitric
acid (HCA) extract containing 60% HCA (patent-pending). Approximately
90 moderately obese human subjects were enrolled in the study.
Subjects were placed on a daily diet of
2,000 kcal. Food was prepared and
delivered to the subjects, and
food intake was strictly
supervised by trained dieticians. Subjects also
underwent a 30 minute walking
exercise program five days a week,
which was supervised by a trained
exercise specialist. The subjects were
randomly divided into two groups.
The first group was given a
placebo and the second group was given a
daily dose of Super CitriMax® (4,666 mgs providing 2,800 mgs HCA)
in three equally
divided doses, 30-60 minutes before
breakfast, lunch and dinner for
eight weeks. Changes in body
weight, lipid profile
(triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol),
serum serotonin levels (a mechanism of
appetite control and eating
behavior), Body Mass Index (an
indicator of healthy body weight), fat metabolites (malondialdehyde,
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone) and
appetite control (food consumption) were assessed.1,2
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Clinically Demonstrated Benefits
Results of the double-blind placebo-controlled study showed that at the dosage
level given, Super CitriMax® significantly:
-
Curbs appetite and reduces food intake*
- Inhibits fat synthesis and increases fat "burning"*
- Reduces body weight and decreases (3-times greater than diet and excercise alone)*
- Body Mass Index (an indicator of healthy body weight)*
- Maintains healthy cholesterol levels*
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI is frequently used by clinicians to evaluate the "normalcy" of one’s body
weight. BMI has a higher association with body fat than body weight alone.
A high BMI is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (including
hypertension), diabetes and kidney disease.8 Super CitriMax® significantly
reduces BMI in the body.1,2
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Serotonin and Appetite Control
Appetite
suppression of HCA is thought to result from increased glycogen production
and concomitant stimulation of glucoreceptors in the liver, which sends signals
of satiety to the brain. However, recent clinical and pre-clinical
studies show that Super CitriMax® increases levels of serotonin
(5-HT), a vital neurotransmitter involved in a wide range of
behavioral functions in the body, including mood, sleep and appetite
control.9 Studies show that serotonin affects eating
behavior and body weight. Increased plasma levels of serotonin are associated
with decreased food intake, reduced weight gain and increased energy
expenditure.10 Super CitriMax® significantly inhibits
serotonin
re-uptake and increases
serum serotonin levels in the body.1,2,6,7 Another benefit of increasing
serotonin levels may be in addressing many of the emotional issues overweight
people face, including binge-eating and
depression.
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Fat Metabolites
Fat
metabolites are products of fat degradation. Following exercise or
other fat oxidation (burning) processes, fat tissue breaks down into
small molecular
components, including malondialdehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and
acetone.11 Increased urinary levels of fat metabolites indicate
increased
fat
degradation or "burning." Super CitriMax® significantly increases fat burning
as indicated by
increased
output of urinary fat metabolites.1,2
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Proven Bioavailability
Previous human clinical
studies conduced at the University of California, Berkeley, show
that Super CitriMax®'s highly soluble and bioavailable calcium/potassium-HCA complex is absorbed and detectable in the
blood stream for up to 9 hours following administration, with peak
concentrations at 2 hours. Taken in combination with a full meal,
absorption is significantly reduced.3
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“Clinical Strength” Dosage
Early animals studies by Hoffmann-La Roche and others indicate that higher levels of HCA than those typically recommended in dietary supplements for humans are required to produce optimum results, and that divided doses taken at least twice a day are more effective than a single dose taken once a day.4,5 Levels of HCA used in the Super CitriMax® clinical study were determined by extrapolation of optimal micromolar concentrations of HCA required to evoke peak levels of serotonin release in rat brain cortex employing the following formula:6,7
| 300 µM (optimal HCA concentration in 15 ml) = 4.16 mg/ml HCA |
| 4.16 mg/ml x 3,400 ml (total plasma level of 85 kg human) = 14,144 mg |
| 14,144 mg รท 5-fold faster metabolism in rats than in humans = 2,828 mg |
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Subsequently,
2,800 mgs of HCA per day in three divided doses was used in the
Super CitriMax® clinical study. For convenience purposes, however, the
dosage has been established at 2,700 mgs per day,
which allows administration of three 500 mg Super CitriMax® capsules (providing
300 mgs HCA per capsule), 3-times per day taken 30-60 minutes before meals (3
caps x 300 mgs HCA/cap x 3-times/day = 2,700 mg HCA/day) (see Super CitriMax® Clinical
Strength Labeling Guidelines). |
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